[CAS NO. 599-79-1]  Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219)

Sulfasalazine, like methotrexate, enhances adenosine release at an inflamed site and that adenosine diminishes inflammation via occupancy of A2 receptors on inflammatory cells. Sulfasalazine treatment for 4 hours inhibits kappaB-dependent transcription with an IC50 value of approximately 0.625 mM. Sulfasalazine (2.5 mM) results in cell death of T-lymphocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sulfasalazine but not 5ASA or sulfapyridine, strongly inhibits NF-kappaB activation and potently induces apoptosis in T-lymphocytes. Sulfasalazine is cleaved into sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; mesalamine) by colonic bacteria, and the latter, too, is reported to suppress NF-kappaB activity. Sulfasalazine but not its cleaved form 5-ASA causes a dose-dependent inhibition of glioma growth, this effect is entirely attributable to the inhibition of cystine uptake via the system x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate transporter. Sulfasalazine inhibits cystine uptake causing a chronic depletion of intracellular GSH and consequently compromised cellular redox defense which stymied tumor growth.