IPI-549 is found to be a remarkably tight binder to PI3K-γ with a Kd of 290 pM and >58-fold weaker affinity for other Class I PI3K isoforms. It does not significantly inhibit a panel of 468 mutant and nonmutant protein and lipid kinases (including Class II PI3K isoforms) at 1 μM. In PI3K-α, -β, -γ, and -δ dependent cellular phospho-AKT assays, IPI-549 demonstrates excellent PI3K-γ potency (IC50 = 1.2 nM) and selectivity against other Class I PI3K isoforms (>146-fold). Furthermore, IPI-549 dose dependently inhibits PI3K-γ-dependent bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) migration in vitro. IPI-549 is also found to be selective against a panel of 80 GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters at 10 μM. In vitro, IPI-549 shows moderate to high cell permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers, is slowly metabolized in cultured hepatocytes (t1/2 > 360 min), and demonstrates IC50s greater than 20 μM for the CYP isoforms tested (1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4).
In vivo
In vivo (mice, rats, dog, and monkeys), IPI-549 has excellent oral bioavailability, low clearance, and distributes into tissues with a mean volume of distribution of 1.2 L/kg. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile to allow potent and selective inhibition of PI3K-γ in vivo. IPI-549 can significantly reduce neutrophil migration in a dose-dependent manner in mouse model when administered orally at all of the tested doses. In addition, IPI-54 has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in murine syngeneic models through alteration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.